(2012), which could explain the exchange and the creation of a common knowledge base between cluster actors. In addition to the geographical aspect, the idea of cognitive proximity between firms is added by Molina Morales et al. Altenburg and Meyer-Stamer (1999) also explain that industrial clusters have a delimited area in which firms concentrate, and emphasize the existence of a specialized profile and the exchanges (of resources, information) among firms. He defines industrial clusters as geographic concentrations of interconnected enterprises and institutions that are part of the same industry, including government institutions, universities, associations and regulatory agencies. Regarding industrial clusters, Porter (1998, 2003) played an important role in the popularization of the term. Over the years, the terms industrial clusters and industrial districts have been treated interchangeably by some authors, like Molina Morales, Martínez Fernández, and Coll Serrano (2012). The pioneering studies on agglomerations date back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries with Marshall (1920), who was responsible for introducing the concept of industrial districts. In essence, industrial clusters can be considered an alternative interorganizational network as they are environments driven by competition and cooperation ( Strand, Wiig, Torheim, Solli-Sæther, & Nesset, 2017). On the other hand, organizational competitiveness is based on the development of commercial networks ( Pechlaner & Bachinger, 2010), especially in the context of clusters where the proximity between small and medium-sized companies facilitates the flow of resources, information and knowledge sharing ( Ucler, 2017). On the one hand, literature points out that organizations tend to have better performance and opportunities when they are embedded in collaboration ( Moreno & Miguelez, 2012 Whittington, Owen-Smith, & Powell, 2009). Ter Wal and Boschma (2011) argue that, to be innovative, location matters.
#HUIT INMR HARVARD FULL#
The full terms of this licence may be seen at Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Published in Innovation and Management Review. Copyright © 2020, Maryana Scoralick De Almeida Tavares, Cláudia Fabiana Gohr, Sandra Morioka and Thereza Rakel da Cunha.
0 kommentar(er)
